salvation through their stubborn rebellion and unbelief displayed in the wilderness.23 Others argue that Hebrews 3–4 does not warn its readers against the loss of salvation, because the Exodus generation was never truly saved. For example Grudem emphatically declares that though the people of Israel “had been ‘redeemed’ in the great exodus from Egypt … they had never believed” and therefore “were never saved in the first place.”24 Although these first two views disagree regarding the spiritual condition